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By Bojanna Shantheyanda, Sreya Dutta, Kevin Coscia and David SchiemerDynalene, Inc. Liquid air conditioning, which can be achieved using indirect or direct methods, is used in electronic devices applications having thermal power densities that might go beyond risk-free dissipation through air cooling. Indirect liquid cooling is where heat dissipating electronic parts are literally separated from the liquid coolant, whereas in situation of direct cooling, the elements remain in straight call with the coolant.


Nonetheless, in indirect air conditioning applications the electrical conductivity can be important if there are leaks and/or splilling of the liquids onto the electronic devices. In the indirect cooling applications where water based liquids with corrosion preventions are usually made use of, the electric conductivity of the fluid coolant mainly depends on the ion concentration in the liquid stream.


The boost in the ion focus in a shut loop liquid stream might occur due to ion leaching from steels and nonmetal elements that the coolant liquid is in call with. During operation, the electric conductivity of the liquid may boost to a level which might be hazardous for the cooling system.

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(https://on.soundcloud.com/SzqB5qcKphyRMioj6)They are bead like polymers that can exchanging ions with ions in a solution that it is in contact with. In the present work, ion leaching tests were executed with various steels and polymers in both ultrapure deionized (DI) water, i.e. water which is dealt with to the highest possible levels of pureness, and reduced electrical conductive ethylene glycol/water combination, with the gauged change in conductivity reported gradually.


The samples were enabled to equilibrate at room temperature for two days before recording the first electric conductivity. In all tests reported in this study liquid electrical conductivity was measured to a precision of 1% making use of an Oakton CON 510/CON 6 series meter which was adjusted prior to each measurement.

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from the wall home heating coils to the facility of the heater. The PTFE sample containers were put in the furnace when constant state temperatures were gotten to. The test configuration was eliminated from the heating system every 168 hours (seven days), cooled to space temperature with the electrical conductivity of the fluid determined.


The electrical conductivity of the liquid example was kept track of for a total amount of 5000 hours (208 days). Schematic of the indirect shut loop cooling experiment set up. Parts made use of in the indirect shut loop cooling experiment that are in call with the liquid coolant.


Prior to beginning each experiment, the test configuration was rinsed with UP-H2O several times to eliminate any contaminants. The system was filled with 230 ml of UP-H2O and was permitted to equilibrate at room temperature for an hour before recording the first electric conductivity, which was 1.72 S/cm. Liquid electrical conductivity was gauged to an accuracy of 1%.

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The adjustment in liquid electric conductivity was kept track of for 136 hours. The fluid from the system was gathered and kept.


Table 2. Examination matrix for both ion leaching and indirect closed loop cooling experiments. Table 2 shows the test matrix that was used for both ion leaching and shut loophole indirect air conditioning experiments. The modification in electric conductivity of the fluid samples when mixed with Dowex combined bed ion exchange material was gauged.


0.1 g of Dowex material was included in 100g of liquid examples that was absorbed a separate container. The mixture was mixed and transform in the electric conductivity at room temperature level was gauged every hour. The measured adjustment in the electrical conductivity of the UP-H2O and EG-LC test fluids consisting of polymer or metal when engaged for 5,000 hours at 80C is shown Figure 3.

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Ion seeping experiment: Calculated adjustment in electrical conductivity of water and EG-LC coolants consisting of either polymer or metal examples when submersed for 5,000 hours at 80C. The results indicate that metals contributed less ions right into the liquids than plastics in both UP-H2O and EG-LC based coolants.




Liquids containing polypropylene and HDPE displayed the most affordable electrical conductivity adjustments. This might be due to the brief, inflexible, direct chains which are much less likely to add ions than longer branched chains with weaker intermolecular pressures. Silicone additionally performed well in both test liquids, as polysiloxanes are normally chemically inert due to the high bond energy of the silicon-oxygen bond which would certainly stop degradation of the product into the liquid.

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It would be anticipated that PVC would create comparable outcomes to those of PTFE and HDPE based on the similar chemical frameworks of the materials, however there may be other pollutants existing in the PVC, such as plasticizers, that might impact the electrical conductivity of the fluid - immersion cooling liquid. Additionally, chloride teams in PVC can also leach into the examination liquid and can trigger a boost in electrical conductivity


Buna-N rubber and polyurethane showed indications of degradation and thermal decay which recommends that their possible energy as a gasket or adhesive material at higher temperatures could cause application concerns. Polyurethane totally broke down right into the test liquid by the end of 5000 hour test. Number 4. Prior to and after photos of steel and polymer examples immersed for 5,000 hours at 80C in the ion Web Site seeping experiment.


Measured modification in the electrical conductivity of UP-H2O coolant as a feature of time with and without resin cartridge in the closed indirect air conditioning loophole experiment. The measured modification in electrical conductivity of the UP-H2O for 136 hours with and without ion exchange material in the loophole is shown in Number 5.

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